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Pelvic inflammatory disease (or disorder) (PID) is a generic term for infection of the female uterus, fallopian tubes, and/or ovaries as it progresses to scar formation with adhesions to nearby tissues and organs. This may lead to tissue necrosis with/or without abscess formation. Pus can be released into the peritoneum. 2/3 of patients with laparoscopic evidence of previous PID were not aware they had had PID (Cecil's 5th ed). PID is often associated with, because it is a common result of infection with, sexually transmitted diseases. PID is a vague term and can also refer to viral, or fungal, or parasitic, but usually with bacterial infections. PID should be classified by affected organs, the stage of the infection, and the organism(s) causing it. Although very commonly a sexually transmitted infection is the likely cause, other routes are possible for some agents including lymphatic, often postpartum, postabortal (either miscarriage or abortion) or IUD related, and hematogenous spread.
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